A new type of copper (Cu)-rhodium (Rh)-alloy, Cu(Rh), films is developed by co-sputtering copper and rhodium onto silicon (Si) substrates under an argon (Ar) atmosphere. The new films are next annealed at 600 and 670 °C, or alternatively at 100 and 450 °C, for 1 h. Longer annealing to the films, for up to 8 days, is also conducted to explore resistivity variation. The resistivity of the new 300-nm-thick film is 2.19 μΩ cm after annealing at 670 °C for 1 h and drifts to 2.26 and 2.14 μΩ
Chon-Hsin Lin
Solving linear differential equations is a common problem in almost all fields of science and engineering. Here, we present a variational algorithm with shallow circuits for solving such a problem: given an \(N \times N\) matrix \({\boldsymbol{A}}\), an N-dimensional vector \(\boldsymbol{b}\), and an initial vector \(\boldsymbol{x}(0)\), how to obtain the solution vector \(\boldsymbol{x}(T)\) at time T according to the constraint \(\textrm{d}\boldsymbol{x}(t)/\textrm{d} t = {\boldsymbo
Junxiang Xiao, Jingwei Wen, Zengrong Zhou, Ling Qian, Zhiguo Huang, Shijie Wei & Guilu Long
The angular distance of the solar flares to the projective point of the center of the solar disk on the solar spherical surface has been studied by the heliographical or helioprojective coordinates, during the periods 1975–2021 for GOES events and 2002–2021 for RHESSI events, hereafter “distance.” It gives a specific distribution curvature. It has also been noted that when using the number of solar flare events in each satellite, GOES or RHESSI, or even using the sum of the flux (class
Ramy Mawad
Neutron star observations, as well as experiments on neutron-rich nuclei, used to motivate one to look at degenerate nuclear matter from its extreme, namely, pure neutron matter. As an important next step, impurities and clusters in dilute neutron matter have attracted special attention. In this paper, we review in-medium properties of these objects on the basis of the physics of polarons, which have been recently realized in ultracold atomic experiments. We discuss how such atomic and
Hiroyuki Tajima, Hajime Moriya, Wataru Horiuchi, Eiji Nakano & Kei Iida
Excited states are essential to many chemical processes in photosynthesis, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and so on, yet how to formulate, quantify, and predict physiochemical properties for excited states from the theoretical perspective is far from being established. In this work, we leverage the four density-based frameworks from density functional theory (DFT) including orbital-free DFT, conceptual DFT, information-theoretic approach and direct use of density associated descri
Xiaoyan An, Wenbiao Zhang, Xin He, Meng Li, Chunying Rong & Shubin Liu
Electric dipole (E1) and spin-magnetic dipole (spin-M1) responses of nuclei have been studied by proton inelastic scattering experiments at forward angles, including zero degrees, at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) by employing a proton beam 295 or 392 MeV and the high-resolution magnetic spectrometer Grand Raiden. The E1 response of nuclei is the most fundamental nuclear response to the external field and is relevant to photo-nuclear reactions. After introducing the rel
Atsushi Tamii & Nobuyuki Kobayashi
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